Investment in Libyan Oil Industry Dissertation

Interest in Libyan Oil Industry - Dissertation Example The expectation of this examination is Libya, a significant country arranged at the focal point of the North African Mediterranean coast. Having the biggest asset of oil in the African district, Libya has been an unmistakable exporter of rough since mid 1960s. The Arab Jamahiriya of Libya, encompassed by Algeria and Tunisia in the west, Egypt and Sudan in the east and Niger and Chad in the south has anyway not been seen as an alluring goal for interests in the later past. The worldwide network has been seeing Libya under its pioneer Colonel Qadhafi as an express that supports and sustains rebels and finaces fear mongers exercises against the western countries. This recognition prompted the inconvenience of approvals by the United Nations in 1992 and a progression of prohibitive measures and exchange ban by the United States.With the last evacuation of the considerable number of authorizations and inferable from changes being embraced in the nation and improvement in relations with di fferent countries, openings are presently being investigated to take up interests in the nation and exploit the rising circumstance. Libya on its part seems, by all accounts, to be making quite a few moves. Colonel Qaddafi also has communicated his sentiment for changes along with the vision of applied communism and well known majority rules system. Worldwide organizations and remote institutional financial specialists (FIIs) are presently being given urging signs to put resources into the nation. Head administrator Shukri Ghanem, upheld by Seif al-Islam, the child of Col Qaddafi has begun the changes procedure.

Kaizen Costing Method And Its Role In The Management Of An Entity Accounting Essay

Kaizen Costing Method And Its Role In The Management Of An Entity Accounting Essay 1. Presentation The reason for my article is to tell the directors about a costing strategy, which applied even in the present emergency, won't just lead to an evasion of insolvency, however may prompt even make a benefit by improving intensity and money related proficiency. Quality intends to persistently fulfill the clients needs, all out quality intends to ceaselessly satisfy the clients needs regarding least expense, and all out quality administration guarantees to constantly fulfill the clients needs as far as least cost, including all representatives. 2. Destinations The principle goal of this exploration is to distinguish an answer for changeless increment of creation quality while decreasing expense and time of selling. To accomplish this objective, we led a hypothetical crucial research, through which I attempted to transpose a few highlights of Japanese administration plan for another costing technique. 3. Strategy With no goal to debilitate the constraints of thissubject matter, I made intrigue in my logical way to deal with a thorough investigation of the writing and examined different perspectives brought by authorities up in this field. I made intrigue to examine techniques, for example, documentation, examination, blend. Suppositions, procedure approach and the outcomes are my own commitments. 4. Investigations Support and improvement are two indistinguishable ideas in Japanese administration. Improvement is evaluated by two terms: kaizen and development. Kaizen is a Japanese administration idea propelled by Masaaki Imai, which end up being the way to Japanese serious achievement. The importance of this idea is: KAI = Change and ZEN = for better, and the interpretation is persistent improvement, that implies little upgrades to the progressing endeavors. In contrast to the Western origination, suggesting all out change, everywhere time frames, utilizing a lot of assets and a significant expense level, Kaizen Costing looks for day by day, steady, slow, however nonstop enhancements, which happen at insignificant expense. Kaizen Costing message methodology is that a solitary day ought not go without an improvement to intercede in the movement of every worker or every element. The Japanese have indicated that by applying this system, improvement is accomplished with insignificant consumption. Explicit attributes that guarantee effective methodology of Kaizen exercises are the accompanying: ignores all thoughts executed so far in the association of creation; rejects the entire existent circumstance; it doesn't search for flawlessness, looking for a 40-half improvement of the existent circumstance, however at a satisfactory expense; permits any administrator to utilize their insight and individual abilities; the thoughts created by numerous individuals are superior to the thoughts of a solitary individual; the enhancements have no restrictions. Cost is one of the essential manufactured markers that describe the adequacy of an entitys action. The significance of creation cost is identified with the capacities it satisfies with regards to monetary money related component, schematically introducing itself as follows: guarantees the resumption of creation, gauges the methods for creation and work, permits the figuring of some proficiency markers and the genuine information on action quality, measures the gainfulness of financial substances, etc.â [1]â Kaizen Costing Management is centered around improving each procedure of an innovative item sheet, the principle objective being dispensing with misfortunes and limiting expenses. Procedure improvement guarantees creation effectiveness, kaizen type exercises guaranteeing expansion of item esteem comparing to the prerequisites of the recipient, a subjective separation of this. There are killed each one of those elements of the item which the client has no enthusiasm for and which bring a cost increment without a journalist in esteem. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾The KAIZEN standards presumes a useful methodology and low expenses of progress. The Kaizen the executives framework depends on the persistent misfortune decrease by methods for techniques that don't depend on ventures, yet on the improvement of the procedures and the employeesperformance. As indicated by the Kaizen standards, we should be certain that, when we make a move, our activity will go on in the most ideal manner and isn't only a middle of the road activity to produce an impermanent resultâ [2]â Development is accomplished by unexpected changes and creates radical enhancements, contrasted with the underlying circumstance, which is because of critical interests in innovation, execution and hardware. Figure no. 1 shows the differentiation between development, kaizen and upkeep: Source: Imai 1997 Figure no. 1 In this way, Imai (1997) portrays that the improvement can be partitioned into Kaizen and advancement. Kaizen means little enhancements because of continuous endeavors. Advancement includes an exceptional improvement because of enormous speculation of assets in new innovation or gear. The creator likewise clarifies that with regards to Kaisen, the executives has two significant capacities: support and improuvement. Support alludes to exercises coordinated towards keeping up current innovations, administrative and working guidelines, and maintaining such measures through preparing and order. Under its support work, the executives plays out its appointed errands so everyone can observe standard working procedure.â [3]â Thomas M. Fischer and Jochen A. Schmitz K in Control Measures for Kaizen Costing-Formulation and Practical Use of the Half-Life Model thought about that Kaizen costing centers around ceaseless decreases of costs, which ought to be acknowledged for existing items in an organization. For arranging and control purposes, far reaching and proficient instruments for estimating execution are requiredâ [4]â . 4. Basic In actualizing Kaizen Costing procedure, supervisors depend on different strategies, techniques and apparatuses, for example, quality circles, proposals framework, kanban, all out beneficial support, activity plans, and so on. The accomplishment of this procedure is dependent upon various changes in the entitys culture and worth framework on which it is based. Recommending little advances procedure, Kaizen Costing is an idea of umbrella which treats the fundamental techniques and ideas applied in quality administration in Japan and whose worth is perceived around the world (Figure no. 2).The predominance of the idea comes from the way that, by applying little advances system, the essential assets are irrelevant, while the procedures dependent on developments include tremendous speculations, despite the fact that the outcomes are moderately the equivalent. What's more, Kaizen acquires the cutting edge the workers of the element, who are inspired to take an interest intentionally and capably to accomplish the goals of the substance. In this procedure the most significant measurement is the authoritative one, the capacity to impart. Effective execution of this methodology is given by the specialized and administrative information, set up, and by the across use of some administration instruments (ABC, benchmarking). Source: http://afr.kaizen.com; Imai (1986) Figure no. 2. The usage of Kaizen Costing the executives framework in monetary associations in our nation would bring prompt gains by dispensing with waste and misfortunes, expanding work efficiency by 20-30%, lessening working expenses by 15-20%, diminishing utilized territories, decreasing the gear needs and expanding the utilization of the staying, expanding staff inspiration. Kaisen Costing centers the substance intrigue and consideration on those spots where you can lessen costs, this implies on working the creation procedure and its improvement in the most proficient manner. In contrast to Target (utilized by configuration staff before the item is underway), Costing Kaizen Costing is utilized by creation staff during item produce. Both follow a similar objective, yet they contrast in the strategy for settling the objective: on point of view, Target Costing depends on client contemplations, while Kaizen Costing depends on benefit targets forced by supervisor. As a technique for cost estimation and resizing, Kaizen Costing speaks to the declaration of coming back to the source, through the reasons for execution and the underlying foundations of efficiency, what is conceivable in a cross-survey, and playing out a procedure investigation under the ABC Method. Cost decrease approach results by contrasting the objective expense with the assessed one, and is satisfied as far as worth, through an iterative procedure of consistent improvement.â [5]â Consequently, Kaizen Costing isn't keen on the item yet in assembling process, which is something other than a cost strategy, however a worldwide administration device. Clearly, there are factors that ruin usage and getting great outcomes in Romanian elements. Among them the most persuasive one is the attitude, or mental profile of Romanians, which don't energize the accomplishment prerequisites of such administration, however there is extraordinary analysis concerning the pressure staff needs to manage. 5. Ends In end Kaisen Costing is the perfect administration framework to diminish costs. Through the use of this administration style in administrative bookkeeping, elements with restricted assets could fundamentally alleviate the negative effect of current monetary and money related emergency. As Masaaki Imai shows, Restructuring or reexamining your organization can be dangerous, costly and frequently inoperable. Applying Kaizen in gemba (work, where the activity happens), noteworthy improvement is accomplished with low expenses in center business forms creation and benefits and can be acquired, as at no other time, significant jumps in consumer loyalty, in quality, efficiency and gainfulness. For the individuals who need to learn and apply this administration framework, I notice the accompanying points of interest: execution costs are decreased, as Kaizen utilizes existing assets and doesn't require huge interests in improving innovation, staff preparing costs are lower than for other strategy

A Womens Perspective of the Civil War Essay -- Women in the Civil War

For quite a while, the Civil War was the most celebrated and â€Å"cleaned with the end goal of propaganda† struggle in world history. The war was battled between praised officers Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Award, whose armed forces battled for fabulous and honorable standards and were never liable of any of the horrifying atrocities executed by different armed forces. The tendency to delineate the Civil War in this celebrated way reinforced after some time until the way toward changing over the Civil War from terrible to a holy reason methodicallly devastated the anguish that the war made. The war the ladies on the two sides of the contention experienced a practically identical change since it helped the casualties to remember their misery. Lamentably, a few students of history have been too stressed over revising the wrongs submitted against ladies during the Civil War to take a gander at the reasons why the war and its enduring have been disinfected. Concentrating on the woman’s perspective during the Civil War, particularly the African American woman’s perspective, implied concentrating on hopelessness. By expelling ladies from the general image of the Civil War, students of history could disregard the hopelessness and make an increasingly certifiable portrayal of the Civil War. Up to this point, the most essential historiographies of Civil War ladies were made of three sections. These included Northern ladies and the enduring outcomes of their cooperation in the Civil War; Southern ladies, their consolation or non-support of the Confederate government and military, and their duty regarding the headway of the Lost Cause; and African American ladies, whose encounters were somewhat hard to depict for absence of individual records. In 1938, in Women’s Life and Work in the Southern Colonies †one of the... ...Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970. Silber, Nina. Sex and the Sectional Conflict. House of prayer Hill, NC: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 2008. Spruill, Julia Cherry. Ladies' Life and Work in the Southern Colonies. Sanctuary Hill, NC: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1938. Dough puncher, Jean H. Audits of Books: United States. American Historical Review 102 (1997): 191-2. DeCredico, Mary A. Scarlett Doesn't Live Here Anymore. The Alabama Review 56 (2003): 65-67. Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth. Rich White Southern Women. Nation 236 (1983): 370-2. Matthews, Jean. Adam's Rib. Canadian Review of American Studies 2 (1971): 114-124. Suggested Reading for CWTI Elementary Program Participants. Colonial Williamsburg. http://www.colonialwilliamsburg.com/History/instructing/TIParticipantGuide/Images/Recommended_Reading_Elementary_11.pdf (got to October 17, 2011).

How engineers change the world Essay

From constantly, innovation has been the principle key that helped the improvement of industrialization and human advancement of the world. During this procedure, researchers have made an extraordinary commitment. Be that as it may, engineers were the ones that put all the speculations into reality with the end goal that they could really profit the general public. Other than the improvement of financial matters, enormous instruction, harmony and opportunity of religion are significant images of human progress. What's more, engineers have added to the society’s requirements for that. Architects from various fields collaborate to take care of all the specialized issues met during the way toward fulfilling the society’s requirements for instruction. They cooperate to assemble agreeable situations for understudies to learn. In the mean time they likewise consider about the wellbeing, cost and common sense. Structural architects plan and develop schools, universities and colleges with the end goal that residents have spots to acknowledge various degrees of training. So as to let understudies have a superior comprehension of information, mechanical and hardware engineers help with the multi-media gadgets, for example, projectors and PCs so educators can utilize PowerPoint and other programming. Electrical architects help with power to such an extent that understudies can learn around evening time. Pressure driven architects ensure that the water gracefully is adequate and practical for all understudies of schools. Without engineers, monstrous instruction would not be conceivable everywhere throughout the world. Education, yet Peace inside and across networks additionally relies upon engineers. Inside the network, engineers produce weapons, for example, firearms, with the goal that police can stop hoodlums and keep the general public secure and tranquil. Across people group, engineers create barrier frameworks for their nations to oppose and all the more critically keep the intrusion from different networks or nations. The most acclaimed model is the America space assurance framework worked by NASA. This framework can screen the US regional air space, recognize any unidentified articles and obliterate them if necessary, regardless of airplanes or meteors. Such safeguard frameworks really can caution whoever needs to attack the nation to remain inside the line and with the end goal that the tranquility of the nation can be accomplished. Without weapons and guard frameworks, the countryâ will be helpless and there will be no harmony.

Best Winter Activities in Japan

Best Winter Activities in Japan What to Do in Japan in Winter Home›Tips for Students›What to Do in Japan in Winter Tips for StudentsOn the one hand, Japan is well-known for its famous gorgeous geishas, top branded automobile concerns like Toyota and 70% of the territory is mountainous. Perhaps, the last one is not that famous fact. On the other hand, slowly but steadily Japan is transforming into an attractive tourists` destination not only for determined risk-taking travelers since the existence of one of the best ski slopes in the world and a wide range of unique winter activities. This country can excite even the most fastidious adventurers and make reckless extreme lovers jump from joy. The following unique winter activities give you the opportunity to have your best vacation in Japan.1. Discover new ways to go downhill Going downhill is one of the best things to do in winter in Japan. There is a wide range of ski and snowboard resorts in Japan, as well as the huge number of options they provide: daredevil s can test numerous varieties of schussing and sledding. Moreover, there are even more unique activities like snow tubing, snow-banana-boating or snow rafting that you can experience exclusively in Japan.2. Relax in an ice village An entire village made of ice is a superb hotspot for ravenous tourists. Built on Lake Shikaribetsu in North Japan, this settlement is a genuine frozen fairytale. On the premises of the village, you can find absolutely everything you imagined about an icy wonderland: a fully furnished ice lodge, a huge ice slide, igloo houses, an ice bar, where you can order an iced cocktail in an iced glass, or even a fancy ice chapel. In short, this icy wonder will definitely make you wonder for a long while.3. Get steamy in a naturally hot spring The traditional Japanese thermal pools, in Japanese “onsen,” is a carte-de-visite of the Japanese tourism industry, especially beloved by winter getaway seekers. Having a steamy bath in remote locations amidst the tranquili ty of snow-capped mountains is not just an out-of-the-ordinary feature of the local culture, but the natural gift of Japan’s volcanic ground with a little more than 3,000 of these natural bathes. Undoubtedly, winter is the best season to test these hot springs, when the nature covered with snow will make a stunning contrast to the hot bath you are chilling out.4. Have a sledding with awesome huskies A sled full of screaming thrill-seekers pulled with a dizzying speed by a crew of beautiful huskies worrying along into fresh virgin snow through the picturesque scenery of snow-covered picks and woods â€" wouldn`t you give a try for that? A perfect image of Lapland tours, but Japan is not tailing along henceforth. There are several resorts offering dog sledding, but  Asahikawa is truly the best one.5. Go fishing on the frozen lake Ice-covered waters and freezing temperatures are not the obstacles for enthusiastic Japanese fishermen. Fishing doesn`t stop in winter in Japan. In fact, yo u will find crowds of keen fishers on the frozen lakes instead. They catch teeny pond smelt with the rods from fishing holes drilled into the ice. Even if you don’t want to be a fisher, you can simply observe this unusual activity or, at least, taste a cooked up catch with a gas burner. All in all, winter is the best season to visit Japan, with its magnificent landscapes and various extraordinary activities.

ERB Tutoring

ERB Tutoring January 11, 2013 Stephanie Sigal is the best ERB tutor in Manhattan. We recommend her for all ERB prep. While Ivy Coach does not provide ERB tutoring, we recommend Stephanie Sigal to help your children in Manhattan prepare for the kindergarten admissions test. It sounds ridiculous, right? Aspiring kindergartners having to prep for an admissions test? But in Manhattan, its the order of the day and nobody helps these tots get ready like Stephanie does. Continuing on with our series on the ERB exam, here is some information on the vocabulary verbal subtest: In this subtest of the ERB, children are asked to define a word such as what are dogs? Typically, the words revolve around  vehicles, animals, and clothing. But the words can become much more challenging, which is why a well-read kid as well as a child exposed to museums and culture will thrive. Carefully select vocabulary-rich books to read to children as part of the ERB prep use it as a break from structured work. Ask children to provide definitions (as well as predict, work on comprehension, etc.) without making them feel like they are being drilled. They will likely walk away from this time having sort of experienced the word. As an example, Stone Soup by Marcia Brown is loaded with vocabulary words like harvest, peasants, and soldiers. Children also close the book with a deeper understanding of what it means to share and cooperate, if the reader reads effectively. If youre interested in ERB tutoring in Manhattan, send an email to Stephanie Sigal. Have a question on ERB tutoring? Post it below and shell answer it. And if you happen to live off the island of Manhattan and think kindergarten admission prep is silly, we empathize with you. But in Manhattan, getting into kindergarten is tough and it stresses parents out. Stephanie helps ease this stress.

Essay on Justification of the Corn Laws - 1434 Words

Justification of the Corn Laws The Corn Law was a potentially dangerous bill introduced in 1815 after three years of good harvests. It was instigated with the support of Lord Liverpool the current Prime Minister who saw the Corn Laws as a temporary measure to create stability in the agricultural sector in the immediate post-war years. The Corn Laws were potentially disastrous because they, along with the abolishment of Income tax and the creation of the Game laws, were seen as a return by the ultra-Torys to a single-issue, single class government. That issue being the wants and needs of the landed classes. I believe that the Corn Laws led large groups of the urbanised population to become†¦show more content†¦The Napoleonic was showed the importance of the British island being able to support itself during periods when it could not rely on its European neighbours for food. The Corn Laws protected the security of Britain because it allowed Britain to continue to survive under long intense periods of isolat ion. Liverpool introduced this law partly as a security net after the problems that Britain had faced in the Napoleonic war. If Britain ever faced a determined maritime blockade then Britain would have starved to a considerably worse extent than it suffered in the immediate aftermath of the introduction of the Corn Laws. In the increased period of radical feelings that followed the end of the Loyalist safety net that had stood the war governments so well. The British Government and Lord Liverpool were well aware of the fragmentation of the French aristocracy that had led to there downfall in 1789. Liverpool was well aware that he had a choice to make between the aristocracy and the working class to stabilise the country. His background, the cabinet and his Party that was going through a period of Ultra-Toryism always meant that the party seemed to be siding with the Landowners and aristocracy. This sturdy combination, which had done so well under Pitt in fending of revolutionary actions, neededShow MoreRelatedChapter 23 Ap Euro Online Quiz1177 Words   |  5 Pagesprosperity to everyone. | | | | | | D) | liberty in the marketplace included the liberty of workers to form unions to bargain collectively. | | | | | | | | 6 | CORRECT | | Riccardos iron law of wages extended the sphere of inexorable economic laws to | | | | | A) | social relations. | | | | | | B) | international economics. | | | | | | C) | government spending. | | | | | | D) | metalworking technology. | | | | | Read MoreHow Douglass Dispelled the Illusions of Slavery1019 Words   |  5 Pagesbetter-treated slaves of his era, and in revealing the horrors of his relatively good circumstances, he underscores the overall mistreatment of slaves. Douglass destroyed the illusions of racially driven mental and physical inferiority, Biblical justification of slavery, and slave happiness that slavery supporters so often put forth by providing contradictory examples from his own life. One of the illusions that Douglass sought to destroy was the natural mental inferiority of his race. This componentRead Moreindustrialization dbq1447 Words   |  6 Pagesnull and void in comparison to the many issues raised by the growth of Manchester. The factories caused a surplus of health issues for Manchester, polluting rivers, inflicting anatomical disfiguration and mistreatment of workers, the corrupt Labor Laws, rapid urbanization bringing subpar housing that only furthered the health problems on workers, and air coated with smog. 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Iraq did use weapons of mass destruction in the 1980s, but not since then (Corn 45). Virtually all of Iraqs weapons of mass destruction were destroyed or otherwise made unusable in the 1990s (Massing 2). Also, Saddam wanted to stay in power - using weapons of mass destruction would mean a sure end to his power. This calls intoRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms As Know ( Gmos )1089 Words   |  5 Pagesbiologically changed rDNA can modify t raits in the living organism. In the process of deleting genes, adding and mutating DNA structure, remarkable changes could be made. Some of the major products containing genetically modified organisms are cotton, canola, corn and soybean. Also, products are made containing these ingredients like salad dressings, and soybean oil in mayonnaise, breads, cereals, canola oil and snack food based on the research. Furthermore, in the U.S. is not required to label the productsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Lottery By Shirley Jackson844 Words   |  4 Pageshow customs and traditions, even they are uncivil or wild, can hold huge power over the human mind and culture. The lottery is an illusion of positive-mood tradition, but in reality - it is just a kind of justification of laziness. These people tried to do a good turn for God to grow up enough corn. But by these actions they did not motivate themselves to work-hard and do everything they can do. Sometimes people make up traditions based on mad superstitions, to avoid extra responsibility and it sRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson850 Words   |  4 Pagestr aditions, even they are uncivil or wild, can hold huge power over human’s mind and whole culture. The lottery is a illusion of positive-mood tradition, but in the reality it is just a kind of justification of those laziness. I think, that these people tried to do a good turn for God to grow up enough corn. But by these actions they did not motivate themselves to work-hard and to do everything what they can do. Sometimes people make up traditions, which based on mad superstitions, to avoid extraRead MoreEssay about Labeling Genetically Modified Products1584 Words   |  7 Pagesnon-GM version of the product. In contrast, the European Commission demands each member state to implement a legislation requiring labeling of all new products that contain GM organisms. For instance, Japan, Australia and other countries have passed laws requiring GM labels for major foods (Huffman et al 481). Labeling of GM products entails real costs. These costs are in the form of testing, segregati on or identity preservation, as well as risk premium for being out of contact. Whether or not toRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowing a tradition blindly or to frighten to change their ways leading to serious consequence. some however, do question the lottery but are quickly shut up by old man Warner with the belief that the tradition of the lottery brings a good harvest of corn to the community. As the community continues to follow the pointless tradition Tessie is ultimately sold out by her husband and is stoned to death informing the reader that continuing to practice something as cruel as the lottery will cause serious

Quoting Out of Context Fallacy (Changing Meaning)

The fallacy of quoting something out of context is often included in the Fallacy of Accent, and it is true that there are strong parallels. However, Aristotles original Fallacy of Accent referred solely to shifting the accent on syllables within words, and it is already stretched in modern discussions of fallacies to include shifting the accent between words within a sentence. To expand it further to include shifting emphasis on entire passages is, perhaps, going a bit far. For that reason, the concept of quoting out of context gets its own section. What does it mean to quote someone out of context? After all, every quotation necessarily excludes large sections of the original material and is thus an out of context quotation. What makes this a fallacy is to take a selective quotation which distorts, alters, or even reverses the originally intended meaning. This can be done accidentally or deliberately. Examples and Discussion Quoting out of Context A good example is already hinted at in the discussion of the Fallacy of Accent: irony. A statement meant ironically can be taken wrong when in written form because much irony is communicated through the emphasis when spoken. Sometimes, however, that irony is communicated more clearly through the addition of more material. For example: 1. This has been the best play Ive seen all year! Of course, it is the only play Ive seen all year.2. This was a fantastic movie, as long as you arent looking for plot or character development. In both of these reviews, you start out with an ironic observation which is followed by an explanation which communicates that the foregoing was meant to be taken ironically rather than literally. This can be a dangerous tactic for reviewers to employ because unscrupulous promoters can do this: 3. John Smith calls this the best play Ive seen all year!4. ...a fantastic movie... - Sandy Jones, Daily Herald. In both cases, a passage of the original material has been taken out of context and thereby given a meaning that is exactly the opposite of what was intended. Because these passages are being used in the implicit argument that others should come see the play or movie, they qualify as fallacies, in addition to just being unethical. What you see above is also part of another fallacy, the Appeal to Authority, which attempts to convince you of the truth of the proposition by appealing to the opinion of some authority figure — usually, though, it appeals to their actual opinion rather than a distorted version of it. It is not uncommon for the Quoting Out Of Context fallacy to be combined with an Appeal to Authority, and it is frequently found in creationist arguments. For example, here is a passage from Charles Darwin, often quoted by creationists: 5. Why then is not every geological formation and every stratum full of such intermediate links? Geology assuredly does not reveal any such finely-graduated organic chain; and this, perhaps, is the most obvious and serious objection which can be urged against the theory. The Origin of Species (1859), Chapter 10 Obviously, the implication here is that Darwin doubted his own theory and had encountered a problem he could not solve. But lets look at the quote in the context of the two sentences following it: 6. Why then is not every geological formation and every stratum full of such intermediate links? Geology assuredly does not reveal any such finely-graduated organic chain; and this, perhaps, is the most obvious and serious objection which can be urged against the theory.The explanation lies, as I believe, in the extreme imperfection of the geological record. In the first place, it should always be borne in mind what sort of intermediate forms must, on the theory, have formerly existed... It is now obvious that instead of raising doubts, Darwin was simply using a rhetorical device to introduce his own explanations. The exact same tactic has been used with quotations from Darwin about the development of the eye. Of course, such methods are not limited to just creationists. Here is a quote from Thomas Henry Huxley used on alt.atheism by Rooster, a.k.a Skeptic: 7. This is ... all that is essential to Agnosticism. That which Agnostics deny and repudiate, as immoral, is the contrary doctrine, that there are propositions which men ought to believe, without logically satisfactory evidence; and that reprobation ought to attach to the profession of disbelief in such inadequately supported propositions.The justification of the Agnostic principle lies in the success which follows upon its application, whether in the field of natural, or in that of civil, history; and in the fact that, so far as these topics are concerned, no sane man thinks of denying its validity. The point of this quote is to try and argue that, according to Huxley, all that is essential to agnosticism is to deny that there are propositions which we should believe even though we do not have logically satisfactory evidence. However, this quote misrepresents the original passage: 8. I further say that Agnosticism is not properly described as a negative creed, nor indeed as a creed of any kind, except in so far as it expresses absolute faith in the validity of a principle, which is as much ethical as intellectual. This principle may be stated in various ways, but they all amount to this: that it is wrong for a man to say that he is certain of the objective truth of any proposition unless he can produce evidence which logically justifies that certainty.This is what Agnosticism asserts; and, in my opinion, it is all that is essential to Agnosticism. That which Agnostics deny and repudiate, as immoral, is the contrary doctrine, that there are propositions which men ought to believe, without logically satisfactory evidence; and that reprobation ought to attach to the profession of disbelief in such inadequately supported propositions.The justification of the Agnostic principle lies in the success which follows upon its application, whether in the field of natural, or in that of civil, history; and in the fact that, so far as these topics are concerned, no sane man thinks of denying its validity. [emphasis added] If you notice, the phrase it is all that is essential to Agnosticism actually refers to the preceding passage. Thus, what is essential to Huxleys agnosticism is that people should not claim to be certain of ideas when they do not have the evidence which logically justifies such certainty. The consequence of adopting this essential principle, then, leads agnostics to repudiate the idea that we ought to believe things when we lack satisfactory evidence. Combining the Out of Context Fallacy with Other Fallacies Another common way to use the fallacy of quoting out of context is to combine with a Straw Man argument. In this, someone is quoted out of context so that their position appears weaker or more extreme than it is. When this false position is refuted, the author pretends that they have refuted the real position of the original person. Of course, most of the examples above are do not by themselves qualify as arguments. But it would not be unusual to see them as premises in arguments, either explicit or implicit. When this happens, then a fallacy has been committed. Until then, all we have is simply an error.

20 Examples of Elements and Their Symbols

Chemical elements are the basic building blocks of matter. Elements are referred to by their names and  their symbols, which  make it easier to write chemical structures and equations. Examples The first 20 elements of the periodic table are listed below. These elements include some of the most abundant in the universe (hydrogen, oxygen, carbon) as well as some of the most unusual (phosphorus, boron). H - HydrogenHe - HeliumLi - LithiumBe - BerylliumB - BoronC - CarbonN - NitrogenO - OxygenF - FluorineNe - NeonNa - SodiumMg - MagnesiumAl - AluminumSi - SiliconP - PhosphorusS - SulfurCl - ChlorineAr - ArgonK - PotassiumCa - Calcium Notice that the symbols are one- and two-letter abbreviations for their names, with a few exceptions where symbols are based on old names. For example, potassium is K for kalium, not P, which is already the element symbol for phosphorus.

James Joyce s Araby - Interaction Of Story And Setting

The Interaction of Story and Setting in James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby†. The narrator of Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† is a young man who fell in love with Mangan’s sister. He always kept his distance and never really confronts her and expresses his love for her. The two didn’t want to approach each other because of shyness, nervousness, and afraid. The narrator did promise her that he will go to Dublin bazaar called â€Å"Araby† and buy something for her. This leads up to the porch where they met for the first and last time. The moment at the porch define their feelings for each other and to get over the nervousness. The narrator finally got that butterfly emotions and he spoke with her about going to the bazaar. Although the porch was the turning point for the narrator and Mangan’s sister. There is a number of elements of setting that describe the mood and the tension that builds up to that very moment. When the narrator was in the back dra wing-room in which the priest died. It was a dark rainy evening in which a â€Å"distant lamp or lighted window gleamed below him,†- he was very nervous at that moment in which he murmured â€Å"O love! O love!† many times (244). This express his love for her and that he really want to approach her. The light represented his feeling at that particular moment, and that was his time to shine. It was a symbol of hope and he should really make a move before it’s too late. When Mangan’s sister and the narrator first speak to each other about the Araby bazaar, the narratorShow MoreRelated James Joyces Araby - Character, Structure and Style in Araby2402 Words   |  10 Pagesin Araby  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Hazel Edwards, â€Å"A good story writer needs to be a craftsman, for the construction is tighter than that required for most novels. Usually a short story concentrates on a few characters- rarely more than three major ones. The story revolves around a single, dramatic incident which typifies the characters’ reactions. Length varies from 1,000 to about 5,000 words.† With these characteristics in mind, then we are going to examine James Joyce’s short story Araby   inRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesmay prove helpful. PLOT The Elements of Plot When we refer to the plot of a work of fiction, then, we are referring to the deliberately arranged sequence of interrelated events that constitute the basic narrative structure of a novel or a short story. Events of any kind, of course, inevitably involve people, and for this reason it is virtually impossible to discuss plot in isolation from character. Character and plot are, in fact, intimately and reciprocally related, especially in modern fiction

What motivates people in understanding of Abraham Maslow Free Essays

Maslow wanted to understand what motivates people. He believed that individuals possess a set of motivation systems unrelated to rewards or unconscious desires. These systems motivate people to achieve certain needs. We will write a custom essay sample on What motivates people in understanding of Abraham Maslow or any similar topic only for you Order Now When one of these needs is fulfilled the person seeks to fulfill the next. Maslow focused on what person can potentially achieve rather than what can go wrong. There are 5 motivational needs that are usually displayed in a pyramid. You need to satisfy the lower level in order to progress to the higher levels. Progress can be disrupted by failure to meet lower level needs due to life experiences for example loss of job or divorce. The 5 needs are:1. Physiological – air, food, drink, shelter, warmth sex, sleep 2. Safety – protection from elements, security order, law, limits, stability 3. Social /belonging – work groups, family, affection, relationships 4. Esteem – self esteem, achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, managerial responsibility 5. Self actualization – realizing personal potential, self fulfilment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Only 2% of people meet all of the levels (self actualization) – this is considered to be where they have fulfilled all that they are capable of and that they have found a meaning to their life that is important to them. Maslow studied people who he thought were in the 2% to gain better insight into these characteristics (Albert Einstein, Eleanor Roosevelt). The common characteristics include:- Can tolerate uncertainty Accept themselves and others for what they are Spontaneous in thought and action Unusual sense of humour Highly creative Concerned for the welfare of humanity Strong moral / ethical standards How to cite What motivates people in understanding of Abraham Maslow, Essays

Minds Are Open Only When Hearts Are Open Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Minds Are Open Only When Hearts Are Open Persuasive Essay Why do we need our heart open? The heart is actually the central ruler of your being. Even in Traditional Chinese Medicine it is known as the Emperor of the Body not the mind as predominantly thought in the western world. The heart when opened fully is where your inner guidance comes from (and divine guidance if you are open to receiving this). This doorway or bridge between the physical and spiritual worlds can provide profound assistance and healing within your being should houses to live more fully in an openhearted state. Below re meditation guidelines from my Opening Your Heart Series. These are tools and techniques to open and expand hearty more deeply in life so that you may move through life from the true centre of your being. Hope you find this of assistance and please feel free to share amongst your friends Basic Technique Finding somewhere to meditate is important and having your own sacred space is key to being able to stabilize and centre your being vivid ease. Having this spot permanently set up for meditation would also be advantageous -? and note that this is your spot only. Trying to meditate in someone elses energy after they have meditated may give you extra energy ODell With, rather than just slipping into your deep meditation with ease. So sitting comfortably (it is not recommended you lie down as you may fall asleep) and simply closing your eyes to go inward is the first step. Just rest there for a few moments, allowing the energy of the day to fall away with some gentle breaths, and consciously allowing your physical body to relax. Elf you feel guided you may call for support in your meditation from the Universe, such as invoking Angels and Archangels, Buddha, SST. Germane, God/des etc, or just simply the Universe itself to support you settling into your Receptivity Mode. Meditation helps you to calm and centre your being so that the Universe may give back to you what you have given out that day, We need to both have giving and receptive moments in our lives, not always giving (doing). Even a battery needs to both give and receive (positive and negative energies/ polarities) to function at full strength. Humans are no different. If one constantly gives (does) it is only a matter of time before they burnout or collapse*after your invocation, allow your awareness (consciousness) to gently slide down from your mind and into your heart space (the centre of your chest) where your point of light resides. Take your time with this as you may sense a little resistance from your mind/consciousness. If this occurs, simply honor and give thanks for it. It is important that this process is done with love and patience. You may visualize your awareness sliding down into your heart or simply feel it whatever works for you. Remember take your time. Once in contact with the flame (light) inside your chest, gently intend for this light to expand. There is no forcing With the mind for this to occur, you simply invite this inner flame within your chest to expand naturally in all directions around you (out the front and back of your heart, to your left and right, and above and below your heart -? basically 360 degrees around your heart), and allow it to expand out six feet in all directions slowly. Intent is all that is needed here. Your heart flame will expand naturally when you invite it to The mind does not need to force or push it to open. Gentle loving intent is more powerful here it Will respond_As your heart begins to expand one may incorporate any of the following techniques belonging Your Heart Series seepage I Of 4 C Carmella Raphael www_Carmella. Com Tell: 0424 044 130(depending on how they are guided that day) to deepen their heart opening experience. Breath ; With your heart flame gently expanding, simply allow your breath to lovingly support it to expand a little more on each gentle out-breath. Feel or visualize this occurring if this makes it easier for you. The more one breathes in a relaxed manner, the fuller and more expanded the heart. Unified Field The Unified Field is the energetic grid that connects everything in the universe, and it also has intelligence behind it. (For more information on this field, also known as the Quantum Field or Divine Matrix, see,read the following: What The Bleep Do We Know DVD, ; The Divine Matrix book by author Gregg Braded). Notice its name Unified Field it Unifies everything, To use the Unified Field in your meditation, simply call to the field to support the opening of your heart, and this field that permeates through your being will activate and transmit frequency into your heart charka (heart flame) immediately. Just allow yourself to receive with grace -?surrender, no forcing. With practice you will be able to feel its instant response to your requests and get very good with allowing yourself to receive the amazing frequency. Meditate with your awareness receiving from this field for as long as you feel guided; sipping on this field of love into your heart centre With your breath will deepen the experience also. Gratitude and Thanks ; Offering Gratitude and Thanks out to the universe for all that you are grateful for in life is another powerful way to expand your heart more deeply. The Benefits Of Music Education For Students In Schools And Colleges† EssayKnow that the more heart flagellants you transmit out to the universe, the more love and support that will come back to you the more you give, the more that returns. TIPS:Drop All Expectations meditation experiences will probably be deeper than others. It is important to drop all expectations and judgments about how your meditation experience is going to be that day (or even how it is going in that moment). Whatever occurs is perfect. It is important that one enters their meditation With no expectations of any outcomes, this way you can truly let go and honor that all is divine. What to do When One Experiences Difficulty with their Mindset, your mind may wander a little to start with and you may lovingly catch yourself thinking about the most unusual things during your meditations. This is perfectly normal and k, The honoring of your mind is important in any type of meditation. Getting angry at it, or Opening Your Heart Series package 3 of O Carmella Raphael move. Carmella. Com Tell: 0424 044 analyzing everything that occurs within your mind defeats the purpose of your meditation. It is important to thank your mind for its service to you (it plans things for you, operates your physical body systems for you etc). If your mind has wandered you simply guide your awareness back to the heart without judgment, The only way to still your mind over time is to lovingly persist with gentle meditation any type of meditation that works for you. Just know that more than likely (for most) the quieting of your mind wont occur within a week it normally takes some mime, but with gentle practice over time it Veil calm down. The only person that can calm your mind down is you. Have encountered many that wish for the fast food approach to slowing their mind and conscious thoughts down instantly and forever (once upon a time that was me! ). What governs your mind, your thought processes and consciousness is you. If you want a quiet mind, lovingly dedicate the time to assist it to get that way it just takes practice. An additional tip for when your heart is open is to transmit love from your open heart to your mind (who doesnt like to receive love . The love frequency will help slow down your mind also. What to do with your Visions or Pain Releasing from your Bodysuits often in meditation one may see, sense or feel things. Acknowledgement and giving thanks is key here, and then letting it go not analyzing it. If you start to analyses what you are seeing or feeling (especially if its a little bit of pain releasing from your physical body) then this will take you straight back into your beautiful mind, We are in meditation to connect more deeply to our hearts, so just honor the experience and come back to centre your heart. How Often Does One Meditate? You will need to dedicate some time (preferably each day) to experience your receptivity time). The length to time is up to you. Initially you may not be able to do it for an extended period of time, so try S, 10 or IS minutes etc, and build up to an hour if you can. Plan it in your day/diary observe your appointments and how much time within your day or week is you time _ Remember, we need to be relaxed and open (in a state of receptivity) to balance the flow of our giving and receiving throughout each day (sleeping does not really mount, although it is important for regeneration). Some days you may need more receiving time than others to recharge yourself. Acknowledge and honor how you are feeling each day, and pull back a little when you get into just doing all the times Happy Meditations! May you live a balanced life of playing (doing) and receiving (surrendering) to reach your full potential! Much love, Keeper of Angelic Geometries Master Healing Channel You will agree that life dishes out different kinds of challenges to different people. Everyone has to face difficulties, problems, setbacks at some point or the there. My life appeared to be one long-drawn out struggle. Like most people, every time faced yet another problem that sapped my patience and forbearance, I asked myself in despair: Why me? Why cant life ever be smooth and hassle-free? These questions seemed to have no answers. Being a religious person in the traditional sense of the word, concluded that God was unhappy with me. So I made every effort to please Him. But I got no response. Was I dialing a wrong number? As time passed, began to lose faith in someone who could not answer my questions and lead me to a more meaningful life. Solved to find the answer myself. To set my mind at rest, became a seeker. Life is a test In the course of my journey as a seeker, discovered the Creation Plan of God. According to the plan, life is a test and its many problems are part Of that test. Once the test comes to an end marked by death, we are either rewarded or punished, in accordance With our deeds. This world is like an examination hall where a student, with all the freedom to write whatever he wants, takes tests. It is only the result which determines his future. The student is made to confront pleasant and unpleasant situations -? a meant only to test him.

Perfume Baldini Paragraph Essay Example

Perfume Baldini Paragraph Paper This passage is important because it reveals a lot about Baldini’s character. One phrase or sentence which starts revealing Baldini’s character is â€Å"here everything flowed away from you the empty and the heavily laden ships. The rowboats, and the flat bottomed punts of the fishermen, the dirty brown and the golden-curled water everything flowed away, slowly, broadly and inevitably†. There is quite a contrast within the phrase, â€Å"the empty and heavily laden ships† is the contrast between Baldini’s life and life itself. The empty ships represent Baldini’s empty life, how he has nothing left of himself. The heavily laden ships represent the life of Paris, or actually life itself. Life is being difficult and ‘heavy’ as in the sense of a burden. Baldini’s life is empty while the actual life of Paris is quite a burden. The phrase also twists the symbolic view of water, which is seen (symbolically) as pure or life. But here the water is â€Å"dirty brown and the golden-curled†. Dirty water is symbolic of impurity, or a dirtied life. Then the imagery of everything flowing away from Baldini shows his actual weak character. The river here can be seen as change, simply flowing away with Baldini’s fortune itself and himself. â€Å"He had made a mistake buying a house on the bridge, and a second when he selected one on the western side† the phrase here has symbolic uses for Baldini’s life and character. A bridge is symbolic of something that connects things. So when a river divides a city, a bridge will connect it again. Baldini’s house is on a bridge, right between East and West. The east side symbolises life or a new beggining, whereas the west symbolises death or the end. Baldini is right in the middle, he is an outcast for he has chosen neither east or west, but to be someone between life and death. We will write a custom essay sample on Perfume Baldini Paragraph specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Perfume Baldini Paragraph specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Perfume Baldini Paragraph specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The last important phrase to note about is â€Å"Because constantly before his eyes now was a river flowing from him: and it was as if he himself and his and the wealth he had accumulated over many decades were flowing away like the river, while he was too weak to oppose the powerful current.† The river here is magnet, pulling at Baldini like a nail, pulling away his fortune, his life and everything he stands for. This simple phrases shows how truly weak Baldini’s character is, for he is simply allowing the current to take him, without even trying to fight. The river is used here in the paragraph not as a giver of life or hope, but as a change in life and a dirty thing taking everything of Baldini’s. The contrast, imagery and symbolic elements in this paragraph is quite importantly used here for it shows the weak Baldini and the ever changing life around him. Baldini views his life as wasted, for he is losing his business, his pride and everything he once valued in life.

How to Write an Argumentative Essay Using Claims and Evidence Wit

How to Write an Argumentative Essay Using Claims and Evidence WitWhether you are a new graduate or a seasoned researcher, knowledge of how to write an argumentative essay using claims subclaims and evidence wit is critical. It's also a great way to teach yourself the techniques you will need to be successful in your career. For example, if you're a doctor who wants to get better sales and boost productivity, knowing how to write an argumentative essay using claims subclaims and evidence wit will allow you to sell your services in a way that appeals to both the listener and the patient.Claim. A claim is simply something that you claim to have discovered or found. It's a category of knowledge that you use to explain what you know, who you know it to, and why you know it. That's why it's used to make the reader feel good by giving them a feeling of familiarity with your topic.Subclaims. Subclaims are short passages that tell the listener how you learned about your topic. The paragraphs tell the listener why you know the topic. That's how you've explained it in the claim. It's a kind of 'what you know' statement that tells the listener what you claim to know.Evidence. In the event you need proof, examples, or the step-by-step methods for how to write an argumentative essay using claims subclaims and evidence wit, you can include claims and subclass in evidence sections. That's how you've given proof.Argumentative Essay Using Claims and Evidence Wit is easy because it all comes down to learning how to demonstrate knowledge and how to provide evidence. You can do this in two ways. Either you use lists or categories to provide evidence. In fact, you can build your entire argument around these two concepts in only a few minutes.You don't use categories or lists in order to teach yourself how to write an argumentative essay using claims subclaims and evidence wit. Your main goal is to present information to your listener, but in an effective way. By using categories and lists to do this, you're teaching yourself the technique that's easy to learn and use.Categories and lists show the listener and provide information, a way to know the topic. In fact, even subclasses are examples of categories and lists. That's how to demonstrate knowledge and offer evidence. As well, as you work through this process, you'll also be learning new tricks and techniques that you can use throughout your career.So don't use subclaims and evidence wits as an excuse to not try to learn the techniques to writing an argumentative essay using claims and subclaims. If you want to learn the techniques, you're going to have to take some time to practice and learn how to present information. To achieve your goal, you'll need to be willing to practice.

Punctuation with Parenthetical Phrasing

Punctuation with Parenthetical Phrasing Punctuation with Parenthetical Phrasing Punctuation with Parenthetical Phrasing By Mark Nichol Parenthetical phrasing is often punctuated incorrectly, as shown in the following examples, each of which is followed by a discussion and a revision. 1. That’s why they choose to live in San Francisco proper instead of say a suburb like Daly City. In this sentence, say is being used as a synonym for the parenthetical phrase â€Å"for example,† and like that phrase, it must be set off from the sentence: â€Å"That’s why they choose to live in San Francisco proper instead of, say, a suburb like Daly City.† 2. As these companies continue to evolve, a focus on organizational structure and governance framework as well as monitoring, testing, and reporting, become increasingly important. This sentence consists of three components: a subordinate clause, a main clause, and a parenthetical clause within the main clause. However, the parenthetical clause is not correctly set off from the main clause- a comma must precede â€Å"as well as† (the beginning of the parenthetical phrase) to counterbalance the one that follows reporting (the end of the parenthetical phrase): â€Å"As these companies continue to evolve, a focus on organizational structure and governance framework, as well as monitoring, testing, and reporting, become increasingly important.† 3. It’s imperative for them to have a longer-term approach to the market, and based on that, make permanent changes to their operations. The superfluous first comma in this sentence exists on the mistaken presumption that it must be placed there to separate two independent clauses. However, this sentence consists of a single main clause with the parenthetical phrase â€Å"based on that,† which should be preceded and followed by a pair of commas, so the first comma must follow, not precede, and: â€Å"It’s imperative for them to have a longer-term approach to the market and, based on that, make permanent changes to their operations.† Compare this sentence, which does consist of two independent clauses correctly separated by a comma and includes a second comma whose function is to set the introductory phrase â€Å"at times† off from the rest of the second independent clause: â€Å"Decisions have to be based on realistic considerations, and at times, that’s when a third party is helpful.† Compare it as well to â€Å"There have been dozens of bankruptcies so far, and, as Smith mentioned, some have already restructured and exited bankruptcy.† This sentence consists of two independent clauses (separated by the comma between far and and) and the parenthetical phrase â€Å"as Smith mentioned,† which is bracketed by two additional commas that have no relation to the first comma. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect ObjectsDo you "orient" yourself, or "orientate" yourself?40 Words Beginning with "Para-"

Zimmermann Telegram in World War I

Zimmermann Telegram in World War I The Zimmermann Telegram was a diplomatic note sent by the German Foreign Office to Mexico in January 1917 which proposed a military alliance between the two nations should the United States enter World War I (1914-1918) on the side of the Allies. In return for the alliance, Mexico would receive financial assistance from Germany as well as could reclaim territory lost during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) (1846-1848). The Zimmermann Telegram was intercepted and decoded by the British who in turn shared it with the United States. The release of the telegram in March further inflamed the American public and contributed to the American declaration of war the following month. Background In 1917, As World War I ground on, Germany began assessing options for striking a decisive blow. Unable to break the British blockade of the North Sea with its surface fleet, the German leadership elected to return to a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. This approach, whereby German U-boats would attack merchant shipping without warning, had been briefly used in 1916 but was abandoned after strong protests by the United States. Believing that Britain could be quickly crippled if its supply lines to North America were severed, Germany prepared to re-implement this approach effective February 1, 1917. Concerned that the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare could bring the United States into the war on the side of the Allies, Germany began making contingency plans for this possibility. To this end, German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann was instructed to seek a military alliance with Mexico in the event of war with the United States. In return for attacking the United States, Mexico was promised the return of territory lost during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), including Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, as well as substantial financial assistance. German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann. Public Domain Transmission As Germany lacked a direct telegraph line to North America, the Zimmermann Telegram was transmitted over American and British lines. This was permitted as President Woodrow Wilson allowed the Germans to transmit under the cover of U.S. diplomatic traffic in hopes that he could remain in touch with Berlin and broker a lasting peace. Zimmermann sent the original coded message to Ambassador Johann von Bernstorff on January 16, 1917. Receiving the telegram, he forwarded it on to Ambassador Heinrich von Eckardt in Mexico City via commercial telegraph three days later. Mexican Response After reading the message, von Eckardt approached the government of President Venustiano Carranza with the terms. He also asked Carranza to aid in forming an alliance between Germany and Japan. Listening to the German proposal, Carranza instructed his military to determine the feasibility of the offer. In assessing a possible war with the United States, the military determined that it largely lacked the capability to re-take the lost territories and that German financial assistance would be useless as the United States was the only significant arms producer in the Western Hemisphere. President Venustiano Carranza of Mexico. Public Domain Furthermore, additional arms could not be imported as the British controlled the sea lanes from Europe. As Mexico was emerging from a recent civil war, Carranza sought to improve relations with the United States as well as other nations in the region such as Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. As a result, it was determined to decline the German offer. An official response was issued to Berlin on April 14, 1917, stating that Mexico had no interest in allying with the German cause. British Interception As the ciphertext of the telegram was transmitted through Britain, it was immediately intercepted by British code breakers who were monitoring traffic originating in Germany. Sent to the Admiraltys Room 40, code breakers found that it was encrypted in cipher 0075, which they had partially broken. Decoding parts of the message, they were able to develop an outline of its content. Realizing that they possessed a document that could compel the United State to join the Allies, the British set about developing a plan that would allow them to unveil the telegram without giving away that they were reading neutral diplomatic traffic or that they had broken German codes. To deal with the first issue, they were able to correctly guess that the telegram was sent over commercial wires from Washington to Mexico City. In Mexico, British agents were able to obtain a copy of the ciphertext from the telegraph office. This was encrypted in cipher 13040, which the British had captured a copy of in the Middle East. As a result, by mid-February, British authorities had the complete text of the telegram. To deal with the code breaking issue, the British publicly lied and claimed they had been able to steal a decoded copy of the telegram in Mexico. They ultimately alerted the Americans to their code breaking efforts and Washington elected to back the British cover story. On February 19, 1917, Admiral Sir William Hall, the head of Room 40, presented a copy of the telegram to the secretary of the U.S. Embassy, Edward Bell.​​ Stunned, Hall initially believed the telegram to be a forgery but passed it on to Ambassador Walter Hines Page the next day. On February 23, Page met with Foreign Minister Arthur Balfour and was shown the original ciphertext as well as the message in both German and English. The next day, the telegram and verifying details were presented to Wilson. Ambassador Walter Hines Page. Library of Congress American Response News of the Zimmermann Telegram was quickly released and stories about its contents appeared in the American press on March 1. While pro-German and anti-war groups claimed that it was a forgery, Zimmermann confirmed the telegrams contents on March 3 and March 29. Further inflaming the American public, which was angered over the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare (Wilson broke diplomatic relations with Germany on February 3 over this issue) and the sinking SS Houstonic (February 3) and SS California (February 7), the telegram further pushed the nation towards war. On April 2, Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany. This was granted four days later and the United States entered the conflict. Zimmermann Telegram in World War I The Zimmermann Telegram was a note sent in 1917 from the German Foreign Minister Zimmermann to his ambassador in Mexico, containing details of a proposed alliance against America; it was intercepted and published, strengthening US public support for war against Germany as part of World War One. The Background By 1917 the conflict we call The First World War had been raging for over two years, drawing in troops from Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, and Australasia, although the main battles were in Europe. The main belligerents were, on one side, the German and Austro-Hungarian Empires (the Central Powers) and, on the other, the British, French and Russian Empires (the Entente or Allies). The war had been expected to last just a few months in 1914, but the conflict had dragged on in a stalemate of trenches and massive death tolls, and all sides in the war were looking for any advantage they could gain. The Zimmermann Telegram Sent through a supposedly secure channel devoted to peace negotiations (a transatlantic cable belonging to Scandinavia) on January 19th, 1917, the Zimmermann Telegram – often called the Zimmermann Note - was a memo sent from the German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann to the German Ambassador to Mexico. It informed the ambassador that Germany would be resuming its policy of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare (USW) and, crucially, ordered him to propose an alliance. If Mexico would join in a war against the US, they would be rewarded with financial support and re-conquered land in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The ambassador was also to ask the Mexican President to propose his own alliance to Japan, a member of the Allies. Why Did Germany Send the Zimmermann Telegram? Germany had already stopped and started USW - a program of sinking any shipping coming near their enemies in an attempt to starve them of food and materials - because of fierce US opposition. Americas official neutrality involved trading with all belligerents, but in practice, this meant the Allies and their Atlantic coastlines rather than Germany, who suffered from a British blockade. Consequently, US shipping was frequently a victim. In practice, the US was giving the UK aid which had prolonged the war. The German high command knew renewed USW would probably cause the US to declare war on them, but they gambled on shutting Britain down before an American army could arrive in force. The alliance with Mexico and Japan, as proposed in the Zimmermann Telegram, was intended to create a new Pacific and Central American Front, greatly distracting the US and aiding the German war effort. Indeed, after USW resumed the US severed diplomatic relations with Germany and began debating an entry into the war. The Leak However, the secure channel wasnt secure at all: British intelligence intercepted the telegram and, recognizing the effect it would have on US public opinion, released it to America on February 24th, 1917. Some accounts claim the US State Department was also illegally monitoring the channel; either way, US President Wilson saw the note on the 24th. It was released to the world press on March 1st. Reactions to the Zimmermann Telegram Mexico and Japan immediately denied having anything to do with the proposals (indeed, the Mexican President was content at a recent American withdrawal from his country and Germany could offer little beyond moral support), while Zimmermann admitted the Telegrams authenticity on March 3rd. It had often been asked why Zimmermann came right out and fully admitted things instead of pretending otherwise. Despite Germanys complaint that the Allies had been wiretapping secure peace networks, the US public - still concerned at Mexicos intentions following trouble between the two - was aghast. A vast majority reacted to both the Note, and weeks of growing anger at USW, by backing war against Germany. However, the note itself did not provoke the US into joining the war. Things might have stayed as they were, but then Germany made the mistake which cost them the war and restarted Unrestricted Submarine Warfare again. When the American Congress approved Wilsons decision to declare war on April 6th in reaction to this, there was just 1 vote against. Full Text of The Zimmermann Telegram On the first of February, we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep neutral the United States of America. If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The details are left to you for settlement. You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as soon as it is certain that there will be an outbreak of war with the United States and suggest that the President of Mexico, on his own initiative, should communicate with Japan suggesting adherence at once to this plan; at the same time, offer to mediate between Germany and Japan. Please call to the attention of the President of Mexico that the employment of ruthless submarine warfare now promises to compel England to make peace in a few months. Zimmerman (Sent January 19, 1917)

Macroeconomic indicators of India and Vietnam Essay

Macroeconomic indicators of India and Vietnam - Essay Example The working population of Vietnam is composed of a young, easy to develop labour force. Considering the high labour available at both India and Vietnam, foreign investors can invest in the food manufacturing sector, as the agricultural inputs are readily available. Through investing in food manufacturing, the investors will benefit from the readily available unskilled and semi-skilled labour force. In Vietnam, the improvement of the regulatory environment has fostered the credibility of the business environment, but corruption and the unequal implementation of regulatory standards is still hampering business development. As a former colony of the British, India has a large English-speaking and highly educated labour force. The agricultural sector of Vietnam is highly competitive, and the economy also draws a lot from the light industry and the aquaculture sectors. For instance, Vietnam is among the largest rice and coffee exporters in the world. Due to the high potential of the agric ultural sector of Vietnam, investing in food manufacturing is likely to be encouraged by the government since it forms part of the transition to high-value production. Vietnam offers a higher level of â€Å"ease to do business,† which draws from the favourable nature of the licensing policies of the country. The policies on obtaining a business license and those on taxation are favourable to new market entrants. The ease of entry will help investors enter the Vietnamese economy easily, as well as enhance the economic potential of the agricultural sector. In outsourcing business, a well developed transport system plays a key role since better transport networks improve the distribution of goods from inland factories to... This paper presents a modern comparative analysis of the national economies of India and Vietnam with respect to their respective investment attractiveness to the foreign investors. India and Vietnam are the seventh and thirteenth largest countries in the world respectively. India is the world’s second-largest country by national population. Vietnam has a working class expansion, among the 18 and 27 years group. India is among the fastest growing economies in the world, with a GDP that averages 9 percent for the four economic years before year 2012. In the case of Vietnam, the 20 years of economic change and reforms have changed the Vietnamese economy into a dynamic, fast-growing emerging economy. The Indian economy has risen into a global leader in business processing, technology, pharmaceuticals and telecommunication industries. Demographic statistics are critical in determining the working population, prospects of national consumption and future employment profiles. From the labour profile of Asia and India, investing in food manufacturing will be a good investment for the two economies. Investing in food manufacturing will be efficient, as the inputs for food processing are available, and labour is available at India and Vietnam. The factors that limit investing in India and Vietnam include the poor transport network, external shocks, and the demand for the economies’ goodsA number of recommendations are presented for the Indian and the Vietnamese economies to enhance the competitiveness

Creating customer value Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Creating customer value - Term Paper Example Given the fact that there are no monthly charges and debit card customization fee, many clients will find it easy and beneficial to use this account. The ease of online access to the account will also mean that the customers will be able to access the services without being restricted by geographical location or time. The ease in online access will also imply that the customers would not have to worry when it comes to account opening and online transactions (Ryals 2008, p. 101). The frequent add-ons also imply that customers will have an easier time in making the banking services match their lifestyles. This implies that the bank will be continuously responding to the changes in demands of the market. The monetary cost involved in this case includes the money that would be used in development of systems and customization of the debit cards (Alessandrini, Fratianni & Zazzaro 2009, p. 97). The bank will have to invest extensively to make sure that these services are available to their customers. It will basically take the both the bank and their clients less time for transactions under this account. However, the add-ons and the customization of debit cards will definitely take some time (Cassis 2009, p. 109). This implies that this is a continuous process especially now that it will involve market studies. In this case the energy that will be needed is basically that which will be required in maintainace and management of the system and customer service related activities. The energy needed in this case will come in the form of electricity and human power. The physiological cost is that the bank will have to put up with attending to clients of diverse nature (Sarlak & Hastiani 2011, p. 117). The bank will have to make sure that their personnel are prepared to psychologically take care of the needs of their

The Reconstruction Era

The Reconstruction Era Courtney Gehring The Reconstruction Era followed the abolishment of slavery and gave hope to reconnect families and become political, social, and economic equals with the white men who once enslaved them. Sadly, this was all false hope. The freedmen and freedwomen in the South became sucked back into a slavery by a different name type of servitude for the same plantation owners that once owned them with no hope of becoming an equal. During the time of Reconstruction there were three phases of reform, presidential, congressional, and radical. Presidential Reconstruction was led by President Johnson after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Johnson followed the same Reconstruction Plan that Lincoln had laid out: return all confiscated property, political rights to all except for the highest ranking Confederate soldiers, pardon the South on all wrongdoing, and to readmit states with 10% of its voting public.[1] Congressional Reconstruction began with the authorization of the Freedmans Bureau. This bureau was established to help and aid the freedmen after the war. Congress also nullified the Black Codes which Southern states put into law after the war to restrict African American rights and force them to work for low wages and in debt.[2] Although the Black Codes were nullified, the South created the Jim Crow laws which reenacted many of the same laws as the Black Codes and didnt officially disappear until the Civ il Rights Act of 1964 was passed. The last phase of Reconstruction was the Radical Reconstruction. During this time, radicals were elected into power. Due to this, Union troops were sent into the South to help protect the freedmen and to help keep the peace. All freedmen could legally register to vote as the 14th Amendment was passed granting African American males suffrage as it would provide them a voice and supply the freedmen with the best opportunity to fight against the oppressive class-legislation, as well as against individual persecution.[3] During this Radical Reconstruction, 400 freedmen were elected into higher office and 16 freedmen were elected into Congress. Former slave owners became infuriated by African Americans in political offices and as a result founded the Ku Klux Klan and eradicated the Southern GOP coalition. They accomplished this by accusing the carpetbaggers and poor white southerners, of having relations with freedwomen as interracial relations were illegal at this time and heavily looked down on in society. The former slave owners also convinced the poor white southerners that the freedmen were taking resources from them. Also talked them into putting racial needs before economical needs when voting. The Ku Klux Klan increased violence to discourage freedmen from voting. Another way to prevent freedmen from voting was by imposing poll taxes and by enforcing that the voter needs to know the State Constitution before they can register to vote.[4] The Southern economy was thrown into confusion by the end of the way and the former slave owners now needed to re-establish a work force and the freedmen needed jobs as the government failed to provide them with an economical plan. This complication led to sharecropping, in which freedmen would rent a place to live from the plantation owner and would work for them and in return the freedmen get to keep a portion of the crops they grow.[5] This forced the freedmen and women into a never ending cycle of debt as they do not have the money to pay for rent, their own tools, or for their own food; this prevented them from obtaining any economic equality or freedom. The Southerners have endorsed a racial and gender hierarchy in the South. At the top are the wealthy white men and the wealthy white women, then the poor white men and poor white women, and at the bottom are the black men and black women. This hierarchy helps to prevent a Radical Reconstruction from happening again as the freedm en and freedwomen have learned their place in southern society and possess no political or economic power. With the 1876 Presidential Election closing in, the Republican Presidential candidate, Rutherford B. Hayes, promised the Democratic House of Representatives to remove the troops in the South. Hayes promised to do this in order to win the election with the help of the South. He truly didnt care about the South and the freedmen, Hayes cared more about the industrial revolution in the North. This became the official end of the Reconstruction Era in the United States. Question 2: From the late 1870s until the early 1930s there had been a massive struggle between the farmers/laborers and the big businesses of the U.S. Most businesses demanded long hours and paid their workers pennies. The workers also had to endure small cramped workspaces overfilled with people and machines. Most businesses were dirty with smoke filled air and unsanitary conditions. Many families made so little that everyone, including children, had to work. For example, at the Hickory Colliery in Pennsylvania, it was very common for boys who worked in the mines for $1-$3 a week, to end up being indebted to the company by the end of the month as he had to pay more to get to work than he got paid for the work he actually did.[6] Farmers, the original backbone to the economy, were now at the mercy of big corporations as well. They felt as though corporations were chipping away at their profit as they had no control of larger necessities they needed to make a living out of farming. Businesses like equipment dealers now controlled item costs such as harvesters and plows while other businesses like the railroads and grain elevators could charge them more to move and store their crops. This caused farmers who were already in debt from the war to lose even more money. The first major attempt to organize workers on a national scale was the Knights of Labor in 1869. Originally a secret organization created by garment factory workers, the Knights of Labor became open to all workers, which included women, African Americans, and farmers. The Knights grew slowly until after the massive railroad strike in 1885 against Jay Gould, when workers walked out on the job due to pay cuts.[7] Within a year, 500,000 more people joined. The Knights of labor took a political stand as they sought an eight-hour work day, the elimination of child labor, better sanitary conditions, higher wages to match their hard work, and other reforms. The Knights of Labor fell apart after a violent incident in the Haymarket Square in Chicago. Local anarchists got together for a protest meeting to discuss the strike at the McCormick Harvester Company, but soon police showed up to disband the meeting causing someone to throw a bomb that killed multiple policemen.[8] Despite the fall of the Knights of Labor, the labor movement continued and was taken over by the American Federation of Labor (AFL). Unlike the Knights of Labor, the AFL, under Samuel Gompers, only supported skilled workers. Gompers key goals were similar to the Knights of Labors as they wanted increased wages, reducing working hours and improved working conditions. Gompers helped the labor movement to turn away from the socialist ideals that earlier labor groups had embraced, and turned it into an apolitical movement. George Pullman, founder and president of the Pullman Palace Car Company, required his workers live in Pullman City and pay him rent to live there. Due to the depression at the time, Pullman cut workers pay while still expecting the workers to pay the same price as before in rent. Three thousands of Pullmans workers went on a wildcat strike. A majority of the workers on strike belonged to the American Railroad Union (ARU), which was founded by Eugene Debs. Debs, a railroad fireman, created the union as he witnessed the poor working conditions of fellow railroad workers. The men all worked for low wages and some became injured or killed because of unsafe equipment. As a result of the cut wages, ARU members refused to let any train with a Pullman car to move. Hordes of ARU supporters wanted to aid in the strike and began stopping trains. Quickly, there was no trains moving west of Chicago. Railroad companies tried spreading lies about Deb and the ARU. This only angered strikers. and Man y of those supporting the strike stopped trains, smashed switches, and started to set fire to whatever would burn. Another crowd of rioters stopped soldiers accompanying a train. This caused a lot of casualties and well as people injured from bullets. Soon President Cleveland sent in Federal troops to put an end to the strike. This is a major part of history as it was the first time the federal army was sent in to break up a strike. The most belligerent union of the labor movement was the International Workers of the World (IWW). They represented a more radical approach to the unions and they supported the Marxist class struggle.[9] It formed from a mixture of smaller unions fighting for better working conditions out west in the mining industry. The IWW, or Wobblies, gained notability from the Colorado Mine Clashes of 1903. The major issue in Colorado was the fight over the eight-hour workday. The Legislature had passed a statute limiting the workday to eight hours in hazardous industries, such as mining and smelting. But, the Colorado Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional. Voters of Colorado passed a vote to approve the eight-hour workday, but the smelter owners fought any efforts to pass it. This led to the smelters going on strike. At first it appeared that they were going to win their demands without a fight, but then one of the smelter operators refused the deal given to them by the Governor of Colorad o.ÂÂ   The Governor that called in the National Guard who began arresting union leaders and strikers. The violence escalated after a mine exploded on November 21, 1903, which killed a superintendent and a foreman. The commanding officer of the National Guard announced a vagrancy order, it required the strikers to go back to work or be deported from the district. The IWW continued on to help fight for more rights in places like textile mills of Massachusetts, railcar builders in Pennsylvania, and rubber workers in Ohio.[10] Sadly, the greatest motivation for action against the IWW was their success in organizing industries, who were crucial to the war effort, in their call for work stoppages in the midst of the war, and their refusal to stop strikes during the war time. Many of the IWW leaders were arrested under the Espionage Act. Originally the government did not intervene in these ongoing struggles between the working class and the big corporations as the government was in support of a Laissez Faire style economy. The workers were allowed to strike peacefully as it is a first amendment freedom. Most businesses and factories ignored the workers on strike and instead hired new immigrants off the boats to work in their factories as unskilled laborers. Many companies also would deny workers the ability to become members of unions as a way of forcing their ideas that companies control who they fire, who they hire, and what they chose to pay.[11] A tremendous amount of reform was accomplished at the local and state level. In the tristate area, Progressives attempted to find a mind ground between the big businesses and the working class and creates the NY/NJ Port Authority. This was created as a private public service to help regulate the tolls and fees when crossing between New York and New Jersey. Although the government did enact the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1980, it did not accomplish much as many companies avoided the law by converting their monopolies into holding companies. Congress also passed the Pure Food and Drug Act and created the Food and Drug Administration in 1906 to improve food and medicine safety for the public. This came after Upton Sinclairs book, The Jungle, which highlighted that due to lack of government policies, the meat packing industry was packaging and selling rotten meat to the consumer as well as how dirty the facilities was as the owners only cared to make money.[12]ÂÂ   While president, Wilson in 1912, created the national banking system. He also prohibited unfair business practices and outlawed full time employment of children under the age of 16. In the midst of entering World War I, the War Industry Board redirected industry in America to help produce and provide necessities for the war. In doing this, the board granted higher wages, eigh t hour workdays, and minimum wage to the workers.[13] During the 1920s, President Coolidge raised international tariffs and gave big businesses tax cuts. He hoped that by giving businesses tax breaks that they would use to money to create more jobs in order to help encourage people of the working class to buy more. Sadly, most businesses created a few jobs and pocketed the rest of the money they saved from the tax cuts. At this time, U.S. businesses had learned how to use better technology in order to increase productivity. Unfortunately, they needed more of a demand for the amount of products they were producing. Government and businesses at this time introduce credit as a way to help stimulate the economy while engulfing people in consumerism. Companies, like Listerine, created ads targeted at everyday insecurities to convince more of the public that they needed their product.[14] Question 3: On November 2, 1920 women were first able to legally vote in a presidential election. Women and activists have fought for womans suffrage for over a century and finally, in August of 1920, the women of the United States won suffrage and were finally granted equality in the public sphere. Women have fought to leave the private sphere of the home and enter into the politics of the public sphere through the practice of maternalism, also known as public mothering.ÂÂ   Women, such as Jane Addams and other upper class women, used the males idea that women belong in the home as a way to gain access into the public sphere. Maternalism was womens way of participating in politics by using their natural maternal talent as mothers such as cleaning, looking after others, and providing care. [15] Men, like Theodore Roosevelt, believed that women belong in the home as a housewife and focus on raising the children.[16] Women agreed with this male ideal that they belonged in the private sphere, but as a mother they would be good at government housekeeping as politics were a mess at the time. Cities in the early 20th Century ran on corruption and that created dirty politics. Chicago itself was literally dirty, skies filled with smoke and dirt while the streets piled up with garbage and human waste. Jane Addams herself reached out to city hall to develop a public sewer system and reform the system of garbage collecting to help clean up the city.[17] Addams also contributed to her social work in Chicago by creating the Hull-House, a settlement house to help the immigrants in the city to teach them English, educate them in how to safely care for their children in cities. Settlement houses started popping up around the country as a safe way to help immigrants inside of the major citi es, and defend this major non-profit as public mothering of the immigrants. Women also used maternalism to create the Childrens Bureau (1912), the first federal agency in the United States.[18] Their reasoning behind needing this federal agency was to administer birth certificates to help track of mother and infant mortality rates among the working class. Compared birth certificates and death certificates to produce and show statistics showing the high mortality rate among mothers and infants among the poor. Margaret Sanger, founder of Planned Parenthood, used these statistics to rationalize why they needed to make birth control legal and accessible. Many mothers died from having too many births as they become more dangerous the more women have. Advertised that they needed birth control in order to stay alive and to be a better mother to the children they already had. Maternalism was exceedingly successful as it got a lot of women out into the public sphere and into politics alongside of the men. Sadly, these reforms mostly only reached out to the local and state levels. The biggest downside of maternalism was that women had to agree with men and admit that they belonged in the private sphere of the home. In other terms, these women said they know that women are not equal to men. In many ways, maternalism can be seen a big success for what they accomplished but also as a failure as they reinforced the idea that women are not equal. Bibliography Addams, Jane. Twenty Years at Hull-House: With Autobiographical Notes. 1910. Advertisement for Listerine. 1923. Baruch, Bernard M. American Industry in the War: A Report of the War Industries Board. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1921. Henretta, James A., and Rebecca Edwards, and Robert O. Self. Americas History 7th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2011. Laws of Mississippi. 1865. On Child Labor. Labor Standard, 1877. Roosevelt, Theodore. The Strenuous Life. New York: Review of Reviews Company, 1919. Thorpe, Francis N., ed. The Federal and State Constitutions of the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1909. U.S. Congress, Senate. 39th Cong., 1st sess. Washington, D.C.: 1865. U.S. Strike Commission. Report on the Chicago Strike of June-July, 1894Senate, Executive Document No. 7, 53rd Congress, 3rd Session. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1895. [1] James A. Henretta, and Rebecca Edwards, and Robert O. Self, Americas History 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2011), 464. [2] Laws of Mississippi, 1865, 82. [3] U.S. Congress, Senate, 39th Cong., 1st sess., 1865, ex. doc. No. 2, 1-5, 8, 36-39, 41-44. [4] Francis N. Thorpe, ed., The Federal and State Constitutions of the United States (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1909), 4:2120-2121. [5] Henretta, Americas History 7th ed., 476. [6] On Child Labor (Labor Standard, 1877). [7] Henretta, Americas History 7th ed., 551. [8] Ibid., 552. [9] Ibid., 644. [10] Ibid., 644. [11] U.S. Strike Commission, Report on the Chicago Strike of June-July, 1894Senate, Executive Document No. 7, 53rd Congress, 3rd Session (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1895), 621-622. [12] Henretta, Americas History 7th ed., 610. [13] Bernard M. Baruch, American Industry in the War: A Report of the War Industries Board (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1921), 65-67, 69, 100. [14] Advertisement for Listerine (1923). [15] Henretta, Americas History 7th ed., 572. [16] Theodore Roosevelt, The Strenuous Life (New York: Review of Reviews Company, 1919), 3-22. [17] Jane Addams, Twenty Years at Hull-House: With Autobiographical Notes (1910), 200-204. [18]ÂÂ   Henretta, Americas History 7th ed., 640.